A Random and Scalable Blockchain Consensus Mechanism
Abstract
The central piece of blockchain technologies is the consensus algorithm. The consensus is reached via consensus algorithms in the distributed network of the blockchain. The consensus becomes stronger if nearly all the nodes in the blockchain network take part in building the blockchain. Even if some nodes misbehave or malfunction, the consensus should not break down then. Since blockchain networks are distributed, even if some regions of the network or some nodes of the network leave, the blockchain network should not malfunction and it should be consistent. Therefore, the consistency of the blockchain transactions should be assured by all the nodes or nearly all the nodes, or most of the nodes. In other words, the consensus should be the issue of all the nodes. In this work, a novel consensus algorithm is presented to diffuse the mission of building the blockchain to all the nodes. In other words, the consensus should be the issue of all the nodes. In this work, a novel consensus algorithm is presented to diffuse the mission of building the blockchain to all the nodes. The algorithm increases the randomness of nodes and enforces the blockchain network to be more decentralized. Randomness is realized by employing the power of cryptography, especially by using public keys as a characteristic for miners, which are also called signers. Moreover, since the algorithm is realized with a few operations, it contributes to the scalability of the blockchain. Furthermore, digital signatures improve the security level and consistency of the blockchain.
Downloads
References
[2] Sheehan, D., Gleasure, R., Feller, J., O'Reilly, P., Li, S., & Cristiforo, J. (2017, August). Does Miner Pooling Impact Bitcoin's Ability to Stay Decentralized?. In Proceedings of the 13th International Symposium on Open Collaboration (p. 25). ACM.
[3] Boyen, X., Carr, C., & Haines, T. (2016). Blockchain-free cryptocurrencies: A framework for truly decentralised fast transactions. Cryptology ePrint Archive, Report 2016/871.
[4] Bitcoinchain. (2019), https://bitcoinchain.com/pools
[5] Luu, L., Narayanan, V., Zheng, C., Baweja, K., Gilbert, S., & Saxena, P. (2016, October). A secure sharding protocol for open blockchains. In Proceedings of the 2016 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security (pp. 17-30). ACM.
[6] Zamani, M., Movahedi, M., & Raykova, M. (2018, October). RapidChain: scaling blockchain via full sharding. In Proceedings of the 2018 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security (pp. 931-948). ACM.
[7] Chauhan, A., Malviya, O. P., Verma, M., & Mor, T. S. (2018, July). Blockchain and scalability. In 2018 IEEE International Conference on Software Quality, Reliability and Security Companion (QRS-C) (pp. 122-128). IEEE.
[8] Chu, S., & Wang, S. (2018). The Curses of Blockchain Decentralization. arXiv preprint arXiv:1810.02937.
[9] Bach, L. M., Mihaljevic, B., & Zagar, M. (2018, May). Comparative analysis of blockchain consensus algorithms. In 2018 41st International Convention on Information and Communication Technology, Electronics and Microelectronics (MIPRO) (pp. 1545-1550). IEEE.
[10] Gueta, G. G., Abraham, I., Grossman, S., Malkhi, D., Pinkas, B., Reiter, M. K., and Tomescu, A. (2018). SBFT: a Scalable Decentralized Trust Infrastructure for Blockchains. arXiv preprint arXiv:1804.01626.
[11] Liu, J., Li, W., Karame, G., & Asokan, N. (2018). Scalable byzantine consensus via hardware-assisted secret sharing. IEEE Transactions on Computers.
[12] Milutinovic, M., He, W., Wu, H., & Kanwal, M. (2016, December). Proof of luck: An efficient blockchain consensus protocol. In Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on System Software for Trusted Execution (p. 2). ACM.
[13] Baird, L. (2016). The swirlds hashgraph consensus algorithm: Fair, fast, byzantine fault tolerance. Swirlds, Inc. Technical Report SWIRLDS-TR-2016, 1.
[14] Kogias, E. K., Jovanovic, P., Gailly, N., Khoffi, I., Gasser, L., & Ford, B. (2016, August). Enhancing bitcoin security and performance with strong consistency via collective signing. In 25th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 16) (pp. 279-296).
To ensure uniformity of treatment among all contributors, other forms may not be substituted for this form, nor may any wording of the form be changed. This form is intended for original material submitted to AJCT and must accompany any such material in order to be published by AJCT. Please read the form carefully.
The undersigned hereby assigns to the Asian Journal of Convergence in Technology Issues ("AJCT") all rights under copyright that may exist in and to the above Work, any revised or expanded derivative works submitted to AJCT by the undersigned based on the Work, and any associated written, audio and/or visual presentations or other enhancements accompanying the Work. The undersigned hereby warrants that the Work is original and that he/she is the author of the Work; to the extent the Work incorporates text passages, figures, data or other material from the works of others, the undersigned has obtained any necessary permission. See Retained Rights, below.
AUTHOR RESPONSIBILITIES
AJCT distributes its technical publications throughout the world and wants to ensure that the material submitted to its publications is properly available to the readership of those publications. Authors must ensure that The Work is their own and is original. It is the responsibility of the authors, not AJCT, to determine whether disclosure of their material requires the prior consent of other parties and, if so, to obtain it.
RETAINED RIGHTS/TERMS AND CONDITIONS
1. Authors/employers retain all proprietary rights in any process, procedure, or article of manufacture described in the Work.
2. Authors/employers may reproduce or authorize others to reproduce The Work and for the author's personal use or for company or organizational use, provided that the source and any AJCT copyright notice are indicated, the copies are not used in any way that implies AJCT endorsement of a product or service of any employer, and the copies themselves are not offered for sale.
3. Authors/employers may make limited distribution of all or portions of the Work prior to publication if they inform AJCT in advance of the nature and extent of such limited distribution.
4. For all uses not covered by items 2 and 3, authors/employers must request permission from AJCT.
5. Although authors are permitted to re-use all or portions of the Work in other works, this does not include granting third-party requests for reprinting, republishing, or other types of re-use.
INFORMATION FOR AUTHORS
AJCT Copyright Ownership
It is the formal policy of AJCT to own the copyrights to all copyrightable material in its technical publications and to the individual contributions contained therein, in order to protect the interests of AJCT, its authors and their employers, and, at the same time, to facilitate the appropriate re-use of this material by others.
Author/Employer Rights
If you are employed and prepared the Work on a subject within the scope of your employment, the copyright in the Work belongs to your employer as a work-for-hire. In that case, AJCT assumes that when you sign this Form, you are authorized to do so by your employer and that your employer has consented to the transfer of copyright, to the representation and warranty of publication rights, and to all other terms and conditions of this Form. If such authorization and consent has not been given to you, an authorized representative of your employer should sign this Form as the Author.
Reprint/Republication Policy
AJCT requires that the consent of the first-named author and employer be sought as a condition to granting reprint or republication rights to others or for permitting use of a Work for promotion or marketing purposes.
GENERAL TERMS
1. The undersigned represents that he/she has the power and authority to make and execute this assignment.
2. The undersigned agrees to indemnify and hold harmless AJCT from any damage or expense that may arise in the event of a breach of any of the warranties set forth above.
3. In the event the above work is accepted and published by AJCT and consequently withdrawn by the author(s), the foregoing copyright transfer shall become null and void and all materials embodying the Work submitted to AJCT will be destroyed.
4. For jointly authored Works, all joint authors should sign, or one of the authors should sign as authorized agent
for the others.
Licenced by :
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
