Computational complexity reduction in HEVC intra prediction using dual tree complex wavelet transform and holoentropy
Abstract
High efficiency video coding (HEVC) is the newest video codec to increases the coding efficiency of its ancestor H.264/Advance Video Coding at the cost of highly increased computational complexity. In this paper, a novel method using Dual tree Complex Wavelet Transform is proposed to reduce the computational time consumption in HEVC Encoding. DTCWT provides better directional selectivity. By using DTCWT, total intra prediction modes are reduced from 35 modes to 7 modes including DC and Planer mode. The encoding process in HEVC system is performed using clustered entropy computing, which distinguishes the video information has useful outliers. The pixel variations under varying frames are clustered based on the interestingness and the outliers are removed using an advanced entropy principle called as holoentropy. Compared to the current state of the art algorithms, the experimental results show that this scheme is computationally simple and achieves superior reconstructed video quality at less computational complexity.
References
[2]. T. Wiegand, G. J. Sullivan, G. Bjontegaard, and A. Luthra, ‘‘Overview of the H.264/AVC video coding standard,’’ IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, vol. 13, no. 7, pp. 560–576, Jul. 2003.
[3]. JCT-VC, HM Software. Accessed: Nov. 5, 2016. [Online].
https://hevc.hhi.fraunhofer.de/svn/svn_HEVCSoftware/tags/HM-16.5/
[4]. G. J. Sullivan and J.-R. Ohm, “Recent developments in standardization of high efficiency video coding (HEVC),” SPIE Trans. on Applications of Digital Image Processing XXXIII, Proceedings of SPIE, A. G. Tescher, Ed., vol. 7798,no. 7798-30, August 2010.
[5]. Harshdeep Brahmasury Jain, “Fast Intra Mode Decision in High Efficiency Video Coding,” Ph. D. Thesis, The University of Texas at Arlington, August 2014.
[6]. Vinoothna Gajula, “Complexity Reduction in HEVC Intra Coding and Comparison with H.264/AVC,” Master of Science Thesis in Electrical Engineering, The University of Texas at Arlington, December 2013.
[7]. T. Zhang, M.-T. Sun, D. Zhao, and W. Gao, ‘‘Fast intra-mode and CU size decision for HEVC,’’ IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, vol. 27, no. 8, pp. 1714–1726, Aug. 2017.
[8]. L. Shen, Z. Liu, X. Zhang, W. Zhao, and Z. Zhang, ‘‘An effective CU size decision method for HEVC encoders,’’ IEEE Trans. on Multimedia, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 465–470, Feb. 2013.
[9]. X. Hou and Y. Xue, ‘‘Fast coding unit partitioning algorithm for HEVC,’’ in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Consum. Electron. (ICCE), Jan. 2014, pp. 7–10. .
[10]. I. Zupancic, S. G. Blasi, E. Peixoto, and E. Izquierdo, ‘‘Inter-prediction optimizations for video coding using adaptive coding unit visiting order,’’ IEEE Trans.on Multimedia, vol. 18, no. 9, pp. 1677–1690, Sep. 2016.
[11]. X. Shen, L. Yu, and J. Chen, ‘‘Fast coding unit size selection for HEVC based on Bayesian decision rule,’’ in Proc. of Picture Coding Symp., May 2012, pp. 453–456.
[12]. K. Duan, P. Liu, K. Jia, and Z. Feng, ‘‘An adaptive quad-tree depth range prediction mechanism for HEVC,’’ IEEE Access, vol. 6, pp. 54195–54206, 2018.
[13]. X. Shen and L. Yu, ‘‘CU splitting early termination based on weighted SVM,’’ EURASIP Journal proceedings of Image and Video Processing, vol. 2013, no. 1, p. 4, Dec. 2013.
[14]. G. Corrêa, P. A. Assuncao, L. V. Agostini, and L. A. da Silva Cruz, ‘‘Fast HEVC encoding decisions using data mining,’’ IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 660–673, Apr. 2015.
[15]. Y. Zhang, S. Kwong, X. Wang, H. Yuan, Z. Pan, and L. Xu, ‘‘Machine learning-based coding unit depth decisions for flexible complexity allocation in high efficiency video coding,’’ IEEE Transaction on Image Processing, vol. 24, no. 7, pp. 2225–2238, Jul. 2015.
[16]. A. Heindel, T. Haubner, and A. Kaup, ‘‘Fast CU split decisions for HEVC inter coding using support vector machines,’’ in Proc. Picture Coding Symp. (PCS), Dec. 2016, pp. 1–5.
[17]. L. Zhu, Y. Zhang, S. Kwong, X. Wang, and T. Zhao, ‘‘Fuzzy SVM-based coding unit decision in HEVC,’’ IEEE Transaction on Broadcasting, vol. 64, no. 3, pp. 681–694, Sep. 2018.
[18]. H.-S. Kim and R.-H. Park, ‘‘Fast CU partitioning algorithm for HEVC using an online-learning-based Bayesian decision rule,’’ IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 130–138, Jan. 2016.
[19]. L. Zhu, Y. Zhang, Z. Pan, R. Wang, S. Kwong, and Z. Peng, ‘‘Binary and multi-class learning based low complexity optimization for HEVC encoding,’’ IEEE Transaction on Broadcasting, vol. 63, no. 3, pp. 547–561, Sep. 2017.
[20]. M. Xu, T. Li, Z. Wang, X. Deng, R. Yang, and Z. Guan, ‘‘Reducing complexity of HEVC: A deep learning approach,’’ IEEE Transaction on Image Processing, vol. 27, no. 10, pp. 5044–5059, Oct. 2018.
[21]. Z. Pan, S. Kwong, M.-T. Sun, and J. Lei, ‘‘Early MERGE mode decision based on motion estimation and hierarchical depth correlation for HEVC,’’ IEEE Transaction on Broadcasting, vol. 60, no. 2, pp. 405–412, Jun. 2014.
[22]. Z. Pan, J. Lei, Y. Zhang, X. Sun, and S. Kwong, ‘‘Fast motion estimation based on content property for low-complexity H.265/HEVC encoder,’’ IEEE Transaction on Broadcasting, vol. 62, no. 3, pp. 675–684, Sep. 2016.
[23]. M. Mitchell, An Introduction to Genetic Algorithms. Cambridge, MA, USA: MIT Press, 1996.
[24]. Z. Michalewicz, Genetic Algorithms+Data Structures=Evolution Programs, 3rd ed. Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag, 1996.
[25]. Farhad Pakdaman, Mahmoud-Reza Hashemi, and Mohammad Ghanbari, “Fast and Efficient Intra Mode Decision for HEVC, Based on Dual-Tree Complex Wavelet,” in Proc. Of Article in Multimedia Tools and Applications , May 2016
[26]. Romberg J-K, Hyeokho C, Baraniuk R-G (2001) Multiscale edge grammars for complex wavelet transforms. Proc. International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP), pp. 614–617
[27]. Selesnick I-W, Baraniuk R-G, Kingsbury N-C (2005) The dual-tree complex wavelet transform. IEEE Signal Process Mag 22(6):123–151

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
To ensure uniformity of treatment among all contributors, other forms may not be substituted for this form, nor may any wording of the form be changed. This form is intended for original material submitted to AJCT and must accompany any such material in order to be published by AJCT. Please read the form carefully.
The undersigned hereby assigns to the Asian Journal of Convergence in Technology Issues ("AJCT") all rights under copyright that may exist in and to the above Work, any revised or expanded derivative works submitted to AJCT by the undersigned based on the Work, and any associated written, audio and/or visual presentations or other enhancements accompanying the Work. The undersigned hereby warrants that the Work is original and that he/she is the author of the Work; to the extent the Work incorporates text passages, figures, data or other material from the works of others, the undersigned has obtained any necessary permission. See Retained Rights, below.
AUTHOR RESPONSIBILITIES
AJCT distributes its technical publications throughout the world and wants to ensure that the material submitted to its publications is properly available to the readership of those publications. Authors must ensure that The Work is their own and is original. It is the responsibility of the authors, not AJCT, to determine whether disclosure of their material requires the prior consent of other parties and, if so, to obtain it.
RETAINED RIGHTS/TERMS AND CONDITIONS
1. Authors/employers retain all proprietary rights in any process, procedure, or article of manufacture described in the Work.
2. Authors/employers may reproduce or authorize others to reproduce The Work and for the author's personal use or for company or organizational use, provided that the source and any AJCT copyright notice are indicated, the copies are not used in any way that implies AJCT endorsement of a product or service of any employer, and the copies themselves are not offered for sale.
3. Authors/employers may make limited distribution of all or portions of the Work prior to publication if they inform AJCT in advance of the nature and extent of such limited distribution.
4. For all uses not covered by items 2 and 3, authors/employers must request permission from AJCT.
5. Although authors are permitted to re-use all or portions of the Work in other works, this does not include granting third-party requests for reprinting, republishing, or other types of re-use.
INFORMATION FOR AUTHORS
AJCT Copyright Ownership
It is the formal policy of AJCT to own the copyrights to all copyrightable material in its technical publications and to the individual contributions contained therein, in order to protect the interests of AJCT, its authors and their employers, and, at the same time, to facilitate the appropriate re-use of this material by others.
Author/Employer Rights
If you are employed and prepared the Work on a subject within the scope of your employment, the copyright in the Work belongs to your employer as a work-for-hire. In that case, AJCT assumes that when you sign this Form, you are authorized to do so by your employer and that your employer has consented to the transfer of copyright, to the representation and warranty of publication rights, and to all other terms and conditions of this Form. If such authorization and consent has not been given to you, an authorized representative of your employer should sign this Form as the Author.
Reprint/Republication Policy
AJCT requires that the consent of the first-named author and employer be sought as a condition to granting reprint or republication rights to others or for permitting use of a Work for promotion or marketing purposes.
GENERAL TERMS
1. The undersigned represents that he/she has the power and authority to make and execute this assignment.
2. The undersigned agrees to indemnify and hold harmless AJCT from any damage or expense that may arise in the event of a breach of any of the warranties set forth above.
3. In the event the above work is accepted and published by AJCT and consequently withdrawn by the author(s), the foregoing copyright transfer shall become null and void and all materials embodying the Work submitted to AJCT will be destroyed.
4. For jointly authored Works, all joint authors should sign, or one of the authors should sign as authorized agent
for the others.
Licenced by :
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
